Fakhrul Rodhi's

Rise and shine, people! This week, we learned on Kingdom Protists that consist of: 1. Protozoa - consists of four main group which are Archaezoa, Rhizopoda, Ciliophora and Apicomplexa.  These  organism, usually single-celled and heterotrophic (using organic carbon as a source of energy), belonging to any of the major lineages of protist  and, like most protists, typically microscopic. All protozoans are eukaryotes  and therefore possess a “true,” or membrane-bound, nucleus 2. Algae - there are six groups of algae which are Chlorophyta (green algae), Rhodophyta (red algae), Phaeophyta (kelps), Pyrrophyta (dinoflagellates), Crystophyta (diatoms) and Euglenophyta. Algaes can be classified with several characteristics including their reproductive structure, chlorophyll and pigmentations, their storage materials, types of cell wall and others. 3. Slime molds -   are a type of protist that aggregates into colonies and ingest bacteria, fungal spores, and po...

Assalam and hi! Here is the new post for this week.  This week, we learned on Fungi, one of the eukaryotes that has its kingdom. On Wednesday, our group had a discussion with our seniors who were taking Mycology class this semester. Our group discussed on Phaffia rhodozyma. Phaffia rhodozyma is a fungi from Basidiomycota group that is known for its astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is widely used in aquaculture especially to enhance the red pigment of salmon and trouts.  During our lab session this week, we had done our practical on nutritional requirements of several species of microbes. We used different type of broth and agar plate to culture the microorganisms. The results are quite fascinating as you see the same species of microorganism can produce beautiful colony on different cultures.  Different type of agar plates with different species of microorganisms.  E. coli colony with green sheen pigmentation on Eosin-methylene blue agar plate.  ...

November 12, 2017  During our class with Dr. Wan this week, we learned through quizzes and games made by every group. The topic we emphasizes on is still on the internal structure of microorganisms. Here is the link for the quiz frommy group. Do try it to test you knowledge on this topic :) https://play.kahoot.it/#/k/5a939211-5475-4872-9dd4-698e3790d0fb  On Friday, we had done discussion in groups also regarding this topic. Our group had done about Golgi apparatus. We had given a task to look for any journal regarding the organelle we pick and make a summary from the journal. This is the link to the journal :  http://sci-hub.cc/http://www.jbc.org/content/270/9/4612.short   And here is the summary of the journal from our group.  "Giardia lambia  is a parasitic protozoan that cause Giardiasis, more commenly known as beaver fever with symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain and weight loss. It spreads through cyst which will later germinate i...

What is up, people! This week, we learned on internal structure and its function of a prokaryote with Dr. Wan Courtesy: https://www.shmoop.com/biology-cells/prokaryotic-cells.html I am actually quiet interested with plasmid, a small structure, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule that is distinct from a cell's chromosomal DNA. Plasmids naturally exist in bacterial cells, and they also occur in some eukaryotes. Often, the genes carried in plasmids provide bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance. Plasmids have a wide range of lengths, from roughly one thousand DNA base pairs to hundreds of thousands of base pairs. When a bacterium divides, all of the plasmids contained within the cell are copied such that each daughter cell receives a copy of each plasmid. Bacteria can also transfer plasmids to one another through a process called conjugation using sex pili. For our experiment this week, we had done Gram staining and Acid-fast staining....

Greetings! So for this week we learned on the external structures of prokaryotes. Basically there are several parts of external structures in prokaryotes which are : 1. Glycocalyx - h ighly-hydrated fibrous meshwork of carbohydrates that projects out and covers the membrane of endothelial cells to  mediatescell attachment, retains humidity during exposure to dry environments, protects against molecular and cellular antibacterial agents (antibiotics, surfactants, bacteriophages, phagocytes) and other vital functions 2. Flagella -    long, hairlike organelles that extend from the cell, permitting it to move. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, the flagella rotate like the propeller of a motorboat 3. Axial filaments -  a filament that wraps around the cell and makes the cell move in a cork screw movement. It  composed of endoflagella that spiral around the cells instead of towards the surrounding meduim 4. Cell wall -  Bacteria are di...

Hello awesome people! This week we played with colours during our experiment. I love it so much! Firstly, we learned on how to prepare smear of various cultures on the glass slides. Then, we did the steps for Simple staining and Negative staining.  Simple staining is a very simple staining procedure involving only one stain used to determine cell shape, size, and arrangement. Basic stains, such as methylene blue, carbol fuschin, or crystal violet are useful for staining most bacteria.  The negative stain is particularly useful for determining cell size and arrangement. It can also be used to stain cells that are too delicate to be heat-fixed. Nigrosin is used in this technique is an acidic stain.   Since the surface of most bacterial cells is negatively charged, the cell surface repels the stain. The glass of the slide will stain, but the bacterial cells will not. The bacteria will show up as clear spots against a dark background. Here is the observation ...

This week we were given a group task to choose a prokaryote and to make a presentation about the prokaryote. We had chose Serratia marcescens which is  a motile,short rod-shaped, Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe bacterium, classified as an opportunistic pathogen. It was discovered in 1819 by Bartolomeo Bizio in Padua, Italy. Bizio named the genus Serratia in honor of and Italian physicist named Serratia, and chose marcescens for the species name after the Latin word for decay.   S. marcescens was first thought to be harmless (non-pathogenic). Due to its ability to produce red pigmentation, it was first used in 1906 as a marker in order to trace bacterial activity or transmission. It was not until later in the 1950’s that the US government experimented with the S. marcescens and the harmful effects that the bacteria causes were revealed. A study using S. marcescens was carried out to determine the possibility of biological weapons being transmitted by wind current. ...